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Phrygian etymological database (in progress) [Lubotsky] :

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Total of 211 records 22 pages
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Phrygian: bago-

Part of speech: mn

Meaning: `deity' (?)

Attested forms: acc.sg. bag·un G-136

Contexts: G-136 tadoy : iman / bag¢un `to Tados Iman [dedicates, gives] a bagos' ?

Spelling variants: The reading -g- is not absolutely certain. Brixhe - Lejeune 1987: 125 write: "Un tre°s court retour vertical prolonge le trait horizontal du G. S'il n'e´tait accidentel nous aurions (...) un p assez semblable a° celui de G-135."

Etymological comments:

   The inscription is written on a small alabaster falcon. It was analysed by Lejeune (e.g. Lejeune 1969b: 293, Lejeune 1979) as dat.sg. of the dedicatee + nom.sg. of the dedicator + acc.sg. of the dedicated object. He further took bagun to be "un nom ge´ne´rique du `don' " and reconstructed *bhagom.
This interpretation is formally possible, but not very probable. The original meaning of the IE root *bhag- (*bheh2g-) was `to (give) share', and derivatives of this root hardly ever get the meaning `gift' (Lejeune further mentions in this connection the Hesych gloss Baga‹oj ZeÝj FrÚgioj and interprets the name as "dothr ˜£wn", but this is of course very uncertain). If bagun rather means `idol', then a borrowing from Iranian becomes likely.


Phrygian: Bas

Part of speech: f. (?)

Meaning: `name of a deity'

Attested forms:

   nom.sg. baj 48 99 111, ba[j] 86;
acc.sg. batan 33 36, batan T-02b (?), batant·e· (Mys.6) (?)

Contexts:

   48. ... Mitrafata / ke maj temroge/ioj ke pountaj / baj ke ...
86. ... ba[j] / ioi bekoj mebere[t] / a·t tih ke ti tetikm[e]/noj eitou
99. ... me ke oi totosseiti baj bekoj
111. ... baj ioi b(e)koj meberet (---)/
33. ... autoj ke oua k eroka gegaritmenoj aj batan teutouj
36. ... autoj ke ou/a k oroka gegaritmeno/j a<j> batan t/eutouj

Etymological comments:

   We come across Baj in malediction formulae with bekoj `bread', cf. 86, 111 Baj ioi bekoj meberet `Bas will take his bread away' {1}, similarly 99 me ke oi totosseiti Baj bekoj. The acc.sg. of the same theonym is probably Batan (cf. Lubotsky 1989b: 149), found in the curses of 33. autoj ke oua k eroka gegaritmenoj aj Batan teutouj and 36. autoj ke oua k oroka gegaritmenoj a<j> Batan teutouj `and may he himself and his progeny (?) become cursed by Bas' (cf. syntactically similar ti(t) tetikmenoj aj Tian eitou, attested in 14, 53, 99). We may thus reconstruct the paradigm: nom.sg. Baj < *bat-j, acc.sg. Batan. It is remarkable that Baj and Batan only occur in inscriptions found in the northern part of the New Phrygian area, approximately at the 39th parallel and to the north of it. This fact can be seen as an indication of the northern provenance of this deity.{2}
Baj, Batan may reflect PIE *bheh2-t-, if it is identical with Fatum, cf. frequent appearance of mÒira in Greek inscriptions of Phrygia.

Footnotes: {1} This context makes clear that the analysis of Bajun and Orel 1987, who take baj as a particle, is unwarranted. They believe that baj cannot be the subject of the sentence because they take bekoj as nom.sg. This is unnecessary, however, because bekoj is no doubt acc.sg. neuter (s-stem): this follows from the formula ak ke oi bekoj akkaloj ti dregroun eitou (33, 76), where bekoj is coordinated with the neuter adjective dregroun, and from passages in Herodot 2,2 and Hipponax frg. 125 ( Masson 1962: 89, 167f). {2} This origin was already suggested by Witczak 1992-3: 267f., albeit on rather shaky grounds. He assumes etymological identity between baj, batan and the Mycenaean deity *Faj, Fadoj, found on the Knossos tablets in dat.sg. pa-de, pa-de-i. Since Witczak posits Lautverschiebung for the Bithynian language, he assumes that the Phrygians borrowed this deity from the Bithynian pantheon.


Phrygian: Bateles

Part of speech: m.

Meaning: PN (?)

Attested forms: bateles ² W-08

Contexts: W-08 [?]atesagomoi / sa-tatedaes / alussi|eto / batelesbab-[?]

Spelling variants: The inscription uses <8> for b.

Etymological comments: Presumably, a PN, but the origin is unknown.


Phrygian: bekos-

Part of speech: n.

Meaning: `bread'

Attested forms: acc.sg. bekoj 33 76 86 99 108 111, b·e<k>oj 18, b·e·koj·(?) 120

Contexts:

   33, 76, 108. ... ak ke oi bekoj akkaloj ti dregroun eitou ...
86, 111 ... baj ioi bekoj me beret ...
99. ... me ke oi totosseiti baj bekoj ...
18. ... b·e<k>o/j ioi me totoss' eugisarnan
120. ----]u·o·i·j· g·e·n·t·i·b·e·p·a·i· ke p·arthj b·e·koj· (?)

Etymological comments:

   The Phrygian word is also mentioned by Herodot and Hipponax and is given as a gloss by Hesychius. The only reasonable Indo-European etymology connects Gr. fègw, ON baka, OHG bahhan, OE bacan `to bake' < PIE *bh(o)h1g´- ( Panagl - Kowal 1983: 186f), but it presupposes Lautverschiebung in Phrygian. As indicated by Lejeune 1979: 223, a word with this semantics can easily be borrowed.


Phrygian: benagono-

Part of speech: m.

Meaning: PN

Attested forms: nom.sg. benagonos G-116

Etymological comments:

    Lejeune 1979: 224 proposed to analyse this compound PN as *gwenƒ `woman' + *g´onh1o- `born', which seems rather unlikely (`woman-born' is not very suitable for a name, there is no evidence for the development *gw > b in Phrygian, the Phrygian word for `woman' is now found in 116 knaik-).
In general, it is useless to speculate about the etymological connections of the names. The second member may as well be compared with Greek compounds in -cqonoj (see s.v. pokgonion).


Phrygian: ber-

Part of speech: verb

Meaning: `to bring', attested only with preverbs ad- and me-.

Attested forms:

   3sg.act. *ad-beret: abberet 6 13; ab·b·e·ret 114; abbe[ret] 11; [a]beret 103;
3sg. med. *ad-beretor: abberetor 73 75; [abb]eretor? 79; [a]bberetoi (read -r? {1}) 91; abberetoi (read -r? {1}) 113; abbireto(<r>?) 25;
3sg.act. meberet 111, mebere[t] 86 `to bring away, deprive of'

Contexts:

   6. [io]j ni semoun knoumane [kakon] / abberet atnou [-]mon[--]n ...
113. [ioj] semon ti knoumani k[ak/on a]beret{i·t·e·t·i·k·-}partan
114. ioj ni [s]emon knoumanh kakon ab·b·e/ret atnoukton mrossaj ...
73. ioj ni semon knoumani kakon abberetor ai·ni· saj mdu·ei ---
25. ioj ni simoun / knoumani [k]akoun ab/bireto aini mmura ...
86. ... ba[j] / ioi bekoj mebere[t] / a·t tih ke ti tetikm[e]/noj eitou
111. ... baj ioi be·koj meberet (---)

Spelling variants: For abberetor / abbiretor see Brixhe 1983: 119.

Etymological comments: A clear cognate of Gr. fšrw < PIE *bher-. The grammatical analysis of -beret, -beretor is unclear (subj.?, impf.?).

Footnotes: {1} Thus Brixhe 1978a: 6.


Phrygian: bevdos

Part of speech: n.

Meaning: `statue'

Attested forms: ²bevdos ² B-01.1

Contexts: B-01.1. s[i]bevdos adi[---] 2. ka·v·armo·yo imroy edaes etovesniyo

Spelling variants: For the reading s[i]bevdos see Lubotsky 1993b: 96, fn. 4. Brixhe - Lejeune give s-bev-os, but they say about the second letter: "un trou rond suivi d'une haste verticale: lequel de ces deux e´le´ments (o ? i ?) est accidentel?" Considering the position of the letters, i seems certain (o would be too close to the preceding s). About the sixth letter they write: "barre transversale non e´vidente ni sur l'estampage ni sur les photographies: ou d ?" Since the combination ao is unknown in Old Phrygian inscriptions, we must decide for d.

Etymological comments:

    Orel 1997: 139f. takes bevdos to be a proper name in the nominative. He refers to Zgusta 1984: 121, who mentions several Phrygian place names like PalaiÕn Beu~doj, Beudou O‡koj. Zgusta further connects the gloss found at EM 195.52, viz. beu~doj ... ¥galma (at Hermione) `statue of a god' and writes: "es kann sich um eine phrygische Glosse handeln, und das ¥galma konnte das Bild einer Gottheit sein". I would add that Gr. beu~doj n. `sumptuous woman's dress' (Sappho, Kall., etc.) presumably is the same word. The Greek may have borrowed this word from Phrygian in the meaning `statue of a goddess', but since these statues were lavishly adorned and dressed, beu~doj was used in the narrower meaning of a specific sumptuous woman's dress.
It is then much more probable that OPhr. bevdos is not a name, but the word for the statue (of a goddess). The Germanos inscription (B-01) is written on a rock immediately beneath a niche which most probably served for a statue of Kybele. The Old Phrygian inscriptions often start with the accusative (e.g. M-04 a·kinanogavan· : tiyes / mod·rov·anak : avara·), so that si bevdos may mean `this statue', bevdos being acc.sg.n. of an s-stem. For si acc.sg.n. of a demonstrative pronoun cf. si keneman in M-01b.
As already surmised by Orel 1997: 140, this word is derived from IE *bheudh- `to perceive'. I take it as a regular s-stem *bheudh-os- (cf. Gr. ¢-peuq-»j `ignorant', Av. bao‹ah- n. `perception'). The original meaning of this formation must have been `perception, image', which seems to be a suitable term for a god's image.


Phrygian: Bonok

Part of speech: m.

Meaning: PN

Attested forms: nom.sg. bonok W-01a

Contexts: W-01a materan : areyastin / bonok : akenanogavo·s· / vrekun : tedatoy : yostutut---a·-m-¢noy : akenanogavos / aey

Spelling variants: For the reading see Lubotsky 1988a.

Etymological comments: Presumably, a PN (no parallels are known). Frei 1986 discusses a Greek votive inscription Dadhj Markou Malhnoj Angdissh Bonokiatei eÙc»n. Angdissh must be a name or an epithet of Kybele (the original form of the name is most probably Angdistis). As far as Bonokiatei is concerned, Frei considers two possible explanations: either it is an ethnicon, derived from a place name Bonok(e)ia, or a name of a religious community. Both options are compatible with the assumption that Bonok is the name of an important religious leader (see further s.v. akenanogavo-).


Phrygian: brater-

Part of speech: m.

Meaning: `brother'

Attested forms:

   dat.sg. bratere 31;
dat.pl./acc.pl. (?) braterais Mys.8

Contexts: 31.3-4 / mankan ian estaej bratere / maimarhan poukroj manisou eneparkej detoun

Etymological comments: Etymologically identical with Gr. fr£thr < PIE *bhreh2-ter-.


Phrygian: bri-

Part of speech: verb

Meaning: `to break' (?)

Attested forms: 3sg. breit 114

Contexts: 114. ... ioj ke breit perbedan tih tit tetikmenoj eitou

Etymological comments: According to Brixhe - Drew-Bear 1997: 79, the verb is to be derived from PIE *bhreiH- (Skt. bhr–n·ƒ´ti, Lat. frio) `to break, to cut to pieces'.


Total of 211 records 22 pages
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